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Melting point: The temperature required for a solid to become a liquid.įreezing point – The temperature required for a liquid to change to a solid.Creative stagnation is experienced by all of us at one time or another. Pressure: The pressure of a force upon a surface or an object by another force.īoiling point: The temperature required for a liquid to become a gas. Temperature: The degree of hotness of a substance, related to the average kinetic energy of its molecules or atoms. Melting: The change of state from a solid to a liquid.ĭeposition: The change of state directly from a gas to a solid. Sublimation: To change from a solid state directly to the gaseous state without going through a liquid phase. Solidification: The transition from a liquid state to a solid state. The atoms and molecules move freely and spread apart from one another.Ĭondensation: To go from a gaseous state to a liquid state.Įvaporation:To change from a liquid state to a gaseous state. They move around but stay close together. In a liquid, the atoms and molecules are loosely bonded. Liquids: Definite volume but able to change shape by flowing. In a solid, the atoms and molecules are closely bonded that they vibrate in place but don’t move around. Solid: Relatively rigid, definite volume and shape.
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H ypothesis: A suggested explanation for a phenomenon to guide an experimental investigation. Non-Newtonian fluid: A liquid with viscosity that changes depending on applied stress.
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Plasma: A state, similar to a gas, where the electrons are not stuck with their atoms but are free in the cloud plasma is naturally occuring in flames, lightning and auroras. VocabularyĬohesion: When two molecules of the same kind stick together. No matter what phase it is in, it is always water - two atoms of hydrogen attached to one atom of oxygen (H 20). If you put that drop in the freezer, it would become a solid. The word phase describes a physical state of matter, when a substance moves from phase to phase, it’s still the same substance.įor example, water vapour (gas) can condense and become a drop of water. Generally, as the temperature rises, matter moves to a more active state. The state of matter can change when the temperature changes. Scientists also sometimes distinguish between crystalline solids (where the atoms and molecules are lined up in a regular pattern) and glassy solids (where the atoms and molecules are attached in a random fashion).Įach of these states is also known as a phase.Įlements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase if energy is added or taken away. Other, more exotic states of matter can occur at extremely high energy levels or at extremely low temperatures, where atoms and molecules (or their components) arrange in unusual ways. Plasmas occur naturally in flames, lightning and auroras. This means that a plasma has very different properties from those of an ordinary gas. While it’s similar to a gas the electrons are free in a cloud rather than attached to individual atoms. Plasma is sometimes referred to as a fourth state of matter. The atoms and molecules move freely and spread apart from one another.
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Liquids – definite volume but able to change shape by flowing.They vibrate in place but don’t move around. In a solid, the atoms and molecules are attached to each other. Solids – relatively rigid, definite volume and shape.Investigate the properties of a non-Newtonian fluid.ĭescribe the general process of crystal formation.Ī “ state of matter” is a way to describe the behaviour of atoms and molecules in a substance. Understand how matter changes from one state to another and what affects the change.ĭescribe the processes of evaporation and condensation.ĭescribe the processes of melting and solidification.ĭescribe the processes of freezing and melting. Understand the transitions between states of matter. Differentiate between the three main states of matter.ĭescribe the properties of a solid, a liquid, and a gas.ĭescribe the properties of a solid and a liquid.ĭescribe the properties of gases and liquids.